KALANJIYAM - International Journal of Tamil Studies
KALANJIYAM – An International Journal of Tamil Studies is a quarterly bilingual publication in Tamil and English that seeks to enhance the knowledge and appreciation of Tamil literature and culture among scholars, students, and the general public through its rigorous, high-quality articles. The editorial team and contributors of KALANJIYAM consist of renowned experts in Tamil studies from around the globe, who contribute their expertise and insights to the journal. Each issue includes a variety of essays exploring different dimensions of Tamil literature, such as poetry, drama, fiction, and non-fiction, along with folklore and translation analysis. Additionally, KALANJIYAM features comprehensive book reviews that offer critical evaluations of recent academic works. This journal serves as an essential resource for anyone intrigued by Tamil literature and culture, enjoying widespread readership and citation among scholars and researchers. The significant contributions it makes to Tamil studies have led to several awards and honors. In addition to its printed version, KALANJIYAM is also available online, making its rich academic content easily accessible. With its dedication to scholarly rigor, thoughtful analysis, and promotion of Tamil literature and culture, KALANJIYAM is a must-read publication for anyone passionate about the vibrant heritage of Tamil Nadu.
Department of Library, Nallamuthu Gounder Mahalingam College, Pollachi
Our journal adopts CC BY License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://Creativecommons.org//license/by/4.0/ . It allows using, reusing, distributing and reproducing of the original work with proper citation.
In the research-intensive approach presented to the world by Tamil scholars of history; Economics as the primary example; Migration is the primary focus of human social life engaged in industry. The continuation of the bureaucratic conflict between the primary locational society and the migration society, as well as the religious conflict, is found in historical records (embedded). The study is guided by the fact that language and religion continued to be a subsidiary factor in stabilizing the power of the people who moved to a new place. இடம் விட்டு இடம் நகருதல் கால ஓட்டத்தில் தன்னிலைப் படுத்திக்கொள்ளும் மானிட இனக்குழுச் சமூகத்தின் வாழ்வியல் நெறியே. மானுடம் முதலில் உணவிற்கு நகர்ந்து இருப்பிடத்தையும் பண்பாட்டு நெறியையும் வகுத்திருப்பதை திணை வாழ்வான நிலமும் உரிப்பொருளும் தக்கச் சான்றுடன் விளம்புகிறது. பின்னர், மொழி வளமான நாகரிகப் பண்பாட்டை நிலம் சார்ந்த இனக்குழு தகவமைத்ததை செவ்விலக்கியங்கள் வரையறை செய்கின்றன எனலாம். மானுடச் சமூகம் நாகரிகம் அடைந்த பன்னூற்றாண்டின் பின்னர் வாழ்வின் சூழமைவு எதிர்கொண்ட சமூகம் புலம் பெயர்வு என்னும் இடப்பெயர்வை காலம்தோறும் தகவமைப்பதை மொழி, மதம், பொருள் என விரிந்த நோக்கத்துடன் ஆய்வு அமைந்துள்ளதை விளம்புகிறது.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Countless events are happening across the globe every single minute. Journalism is the art of capturing these events and presenting them to the world. Even in an era where computerized communication devices dominate information exchange, the contribution of journals and magazines remains uniquely significant. The role of journalism in social development, manifested in written and printed forms, serves as a vital record for the future. Journals are capable of performing various general and specialized functions. Among the many publications that serve as archives of news collection, Puthiya Thalaimurai magazine holds a noteworthy and distinct place. This article discusses how Puthiya Thalaimurai magazines present essential ideas with social awareness, demonstrating a deep-seated concern for the younger generation.
எஸ். ராமகிருஷ்ணன் நாவல்களில் சிறுதெய்வங்கள்
The proverb states, “One should not reside in a village without a temple.” People believe that if good things happen in their lives, it is due to the grace of God, and if bad things occur, they are due to the anger of God. In this way, we can understand that rural people worship folk deities with a sense of faith mixed with fear. In the beginning, nature worship emerged due to fear of natural forces. Later, as religion developed, forms of worship evolved into the worship of major deities, while the worship of minor (folk) deities continued among rural people. Thus, religious belief developed through various stages. Folk deities are referred to as minor deities. This system includes several types, such as clan deity worship, family deity worship, and village deity worship. This study is structured to explain the ideas related to the worship of minor deities as presented in the novels of S. Ramakrishnan.
Balakumaran is a significant writer in the landscape of the Tamil novel. His works are deeply rooted in both family and society. In particular, his novels provide extensive space for exploring family relationships. By centering his narratives on middle-class individuals and those leading ordinary lives, his novels offer a profound understanding of the family as an institution. Balakumaran illustrates through various life situations how human relationships and conflicts serve as the driving forces behind social dynamics. The novelist captures diverse mindsets where the perception of life varies for every individual and presents them as compelling fiction. Ultimately, he records the indispensability of the family for the continuous progression of human life through a simplified lens in his creative works.
This article explores the advanced metallurgical knowledge and technological prowess of the ancient Tamils during the Sangam period. By synthesizing evidence from classical Sangam literature—such as Tolkappiyam, Purananuru, and Akananuru—with modern archaeological findings from sites like Adichanallur, Kodumanal, and Mayiladumparai, the study demonstrates that Tamils were pioneers in metalworking. The research details the extraction and processing of various metals including gold, silver, copper, and iron, highlighting the sophisticated techniques used to create tools, weapons, and intricate jewelry. Notably, the article cites archaeological evidence dating iron usage in Tamil Nadu back to 3345 BCE, suggesting that the Tamils were among the first in the world to enter the Iron Age and master the production of high-quality steel and specialized "Beta Bronze".
துயில் நாவலில் குறிப்பிடப்படும் நாட்டுப்புற நம்பிக்கைகள்
It is not possible to determine exactly when beliefs originated in human life. However, these beliefs play such a significant role that they can be said to guide human life itself. We can observe that these beliefs continue to persist in people’s everyday lives. Many ritual practices have emerged based on these beliefs. Together, they form an integral part of the emotional fabric of a society’s culture. Some of these folk beliefs have been recorded by S. Ramakrishnan in his novel Thuyil. This study aims to explain and elaborate on those beliefs.
இந்திய - சைகை மொழி: உலகத்தரமும் பண்பாட்டு ஆழமும் கொண்ட இயற்கையான, முழுமையான மொழி
This research paper explores Indian Sign Language (ISL) as a linguistically complete, culturally rooted, and socially significant natural language. Used by millions of Deaf individuals across South Asia, ISL possesses all the structural grammatical components of a human language: a formal phonology, productive morphology, rule-governed syntax, and a vocabulary capable of expressing nuanced, technical concepts. This paper argues that ISL is not merely a tool for communication but a "Great Language" based on its complexity, its ability to adapt to India's diverse cultural contexts, and its growing institutional recognition. The study examines the grammatical structure of ISL, its historical origins, dialectal variations, relationships with other sign languages, and current legal and educational frameworks. While recognition under the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution is still pending, the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (2016) and the National Education Policy (2020) have created unprecedented opportunities for the growth of ISL. The paper concludes that ISL, as one of India's most vital linguistic treasures, deserves full official recognition.
அட்டப்பாடி பகுதி இருளர் பழங்குடியினரின் பண்பாட்டு மாற்றங்களும் சடங்கியல் மரபுகளும்
The Irula tribe is one of the ancient indigenous communities inhabiting the regions of the Western Ghats in South India, particularly in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Traditionally, the Irula people have depended on forests and hill ecosystems for their livelihood and have developed rich indigenous knowledge systems along with distinctive ritual practices. However, rapid socio-economic changes, land alienation, modernization, and increased interaction with mainstream societies have gradually influenced their traditional way of life. These developments have led to noticeable transformations in their cultural traditions and ritual practices. The loss or modification of such indigenous traditions represents not only a change within the community but also a broader cultural concern. In this context, the present study examines the cultural transformations that have occurred in the ritual practices of the Irula community residing in Karuvadam hamlet in the Attappadi region. Adopting an ethnographic approach, the study documents ritual elements and analyses the social and cultural factors that have contributed to these changes over time.
அழிந்து வரும் சிற்றலை வானொலிகள்: வரலாறு, வீழ்ச்சி மற்றும் எதிர்காலப் பார்வை
Shortwave radio has historically served as a vital pillar of global communication, utilizing high-frequency signals to bridge vast distances and connect the global Tamil diaspora to their linguistic roots. Beyond mere information sharing, these broadcasts fostered a unique sense of cultural belonging and provided a platform for language preservation during eras when digital connectivity was non-existent. This research paper meticulously examines the historical trajectory of Tamil shortwave services, analyzing their profound socio-cultural influence and the subsequent decline triggered by the rise of satellite technology and internet streaming. Furthermore, the study evaluates the contemporary challenges of high operational costs against the potential for a digital resurgence through Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM), ultimately assessing the medium's enduring relevance as a resilient communication tool in an increasingly digital-centric world.
சிவவாக்கியர் மற்றும் வேதாத்திரி மகரிஷி கூறும் காயகற்ப தத்துவம் - ஒப்பீடு
This research paper analytically compares the Kayakalpa philosophy of the prominent Tamil Siddhar Sivavakkiyar and the modern yogic philosopher Vethathiri Maharishi, examining them through psychological and scientific lenses. Kayakalpa is regarded as a holistic way of life that enhances physical health, mental peace, and spiritual progress by integrating the body, mind, and life-force energy. Sivavakkiyar explains Kayakalpa as a renunciatory spiritual path to attain the state of wisdom (Gnana) by controlling desires, lust, and mental impurities. Conversely, Vethathiri Maharishi frames it as a scientifically-oriented yogic practice that achieves body-mind integration through the protection of life-force (bio-magnetic energy), Ojas transformation, and meditation. By critically analyzing the similarities and differences between these two approaches, this paper emphasizes that Kayakalpa is not merely an ancient traditional knowledge system but an integrated lifestyle capable of addressing the physical and mental health challenges of modern humanity.
Copyright (c) 2026 மு. சாந்தி (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
This research explores the historical and cultural significance of the Mazhavar community as depicted in Sangam Literature. Residing in the Mazhanadu region between the Kolli Hills and the Kollidam River, the Mazhavar were a martial community renowned for their distinct aesthetics, including curly hair adorned with Kadamba flowers and peacock feather garlands. The study highlights their military prowess, specifically their expertise in archery and the maintenance of elephant and horse cavalries. Key cultural practices are examined, such as the Poondhodai festival for martial graduation and the tactical use of termite mound soil to remain silent during night raids. Furthermore, the paper discusses their leadership under figures like Athiyaman Neduman Anji and Valvil Ori, their ritualistic sacrifices to the goddess Kotravai, and their lifestyle as both warriors and highway robbers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. C. Parameswari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
தலைமுறைகள், ஏற்கனவே சொல்லப்பட்ட மனிதர்கள் - ஓர் ஒப்பீடு யதார்த்தவியல், மீயதார்த்தவியல் அடிப்படையில்
Some novelists craft their work with a primary focus on realism, while others center their narratives around specific theoretical frameworks. Both approaches create distinct impacts on the reader's psyche. This essay explores this dichotomy as its central theme. By analyzing and contrasting these two literary styles, the essay highlights the strengths and weaknesses inherent in both approaches. நாவல்களை சில எழுத்தாளர்கள் யதார்த்தமாகவும் சில எழுத்தாளர்கள் கோட்பாடுகளை மையமாக வைத்தும் எழுதுகிறார்கள். இரண்டு வகை எழுத்துக்களும் இரண்டு வகையான விளைவுகளை வாசிப்பவர் மனதில் ஏற்படுத்துகிறது. இதையே தன் ஆய்வின் மையமாகக் கொண்டு எழுதப்பட்டுள்ளது இக்கட்டுரை. இருவேறு வகைப்பட்ட படைப்புகளை எடுத்துக்கொண்டு அவற்றிற்கிடையேயான ஒற்றுமைகளையும் வேற்றுமைகளையும் அலசி ஆராய்வதால் இரண்டு தரப்புகளின் நிறை குறைகளை இக்கட்டுரை சுட்டிக்காட்டுகிறது.
Copyright (c) 2026 S. Gowtham (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
In the landscape of twentieth-century Tamil literature, science fiction has evolved beyond merely constructing imaginary worlds. It has emerged as a rich field of thought that explores various human concerns such as philosophy, social transformation, and environmental issues. Contemporary Tamil writers are integrating scientific advancements with social realities, producing works that provoke reflection on the future of human life. In this context, the writer Tamilmagan has demonstrated a distinctive creative approach by incorporating sociological and ecological perspectives into his science fiction works, thereby highlighting the complexities of the human–nature relationship. The short story “Klimidon” can be seen as a significant literary text that employs the science fiction genre to examine humanity’s dominating attitude towards nature and its consequences. This analytical study proposes to approach the text through the theoretical framework of “Eco-humanism,” examining how the relationship between humans and nature is being re-evaluated. It further explores how modern scientific developments and technological advancements are disrupting this relationship, and how urbanization and industrial growth are leading to the exploitation of rural communities and natural resources.
Copyright (c) 2026 V. Revathi, Dr. D. Meshak (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
யோகா: நிலையான மனித மேம்பாட்டிற்கான முழுமையான தளம் - ஒரு விரிவான ஆய்வு
Yoga is an ancient holistic practice originating from the deep roots of Indian philosophy. By integrating physical health, mental clarity, emotional balance, and ethical conduct, it provides a comprehensive foundation for long-term human development. In the modern era, global development is often measured solely based on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and technological advancements. Such external growth models neglect the inner well-being of individuals, resulting in widespread stress, environmental degradation, and social inequalities. By addressing both the internal and external aspects of life, Yoga serves as a fundamental tool for achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Yogic techniques such as Asanas, Pranayama, and meditation enhance emotional regulation and calm the nervous system. Furthermore, the ethical principles of Yoga (Yama and Niyama) encourage compassion, environmental awareness, and responsible consumption habits among individuals. By integrating Yoga into education, healthcare, and corporate environments, a mindful and sustainable culture can be created. This research paper explores in detail how Yoga acts as a bridge toward global peace and sustainability through individual transformation.
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. K. Santhi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
சாகித்திய அகாதெமி விருது பெற்ற தமிழ்க் கவிதைகளில் உத்திகள்
Every field has its own unique set of techniques. In literature—specifically in modern poetry (Pudhukkavithai)—numerous techniques are found, such as simile, metaphor, imagery, symbolism, irony, paradox, satire, myth, pun (double entendre), dialogue, imagination, grammar, repetition, intertextuality, grammatical authority, folk elements, and ambiguity. These techniques play a major role in expressing the core theme of a poem. The thoughts of E. Sundaramoorthy are worth comparing here: "Literature does not shine through its message alone. It gains brilliance and life through its power of expression. Literary essence lies not in the subject matter, but in the skill of conveying it." P. Aravaanan highlights the significance of technique as a method of expression: "In the history of Tamil poetry, form once ruled supreme. When it did, the method of expression gained life. That life is the arrival and existence of modern poetry; the method of expression is the very heartbeat of a poem." This article examines how these techniques are employed in Tamil poems that have received the Sahitya Akademi Award.
Techniques in Sahitya Akademi award-winning Tamil poems
Copyright (c) 2026 G. Nirbankumar, Dr. V. A. Palaniappan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
நற்றிணைப் பாடல்களில் உள்ளுறை உவமக் கட்டமைப்புகள்: ஒரு விரிவான பகுப்பாய்வு
The excellence, utility, and evolution of a language are deeply interconnected with the activities of the society that speaks it. In the history of the world, numerous languages have perished or been eroded by the turning wheels of time. In such a context, Tamil stands as an unparalleled classical language that has survived for thousands of years. The grammatical treatise Tolkappiyam and ancient Sangam literature serve as the jewels that polish this unique language. In Narrinai, one of the Sangam anthologies, human internal emotions (Akam) are depicted as being inextricably linked with nature. Specifically, the technique of 'Ullurai Uvamam' (Implicit Metaphor)—where the thoughts and feelings of the characters are not stated directly but are conveyed through the hidden meanings within natural descriptions—is sublime. This study examines the five types of Ullurai Uvamam as defined by Tolkappiyar, applying them to the poems of Narrinai to explore their literary beauty and social impact in detail. Using Tolkappiyam and Narrinai as primary sources and supported by secondary texts, the objective of this article is to explain the typological perspective of implicit metaphors.
Copyright (c) 2026 T. Nandhinipriya, Dr. S. Periyanayaki (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
நந்திக் கலம்பகத்தின் வரலாறும் புராணச்செய்திகளும்
There is a traditional legend surrounding the composition of Nandikkalambakam. Nandivarman’s father had two wives. Nandivarman was the son of the first wife, while the second wife had four sons, all younger than him. When Nandivarman reached youth, his father passed away. Consequently, Nandivarman drove away his four younger brothers and crowned himself king. It is believed that one of these four brothers is the author of this work. The four exiled brothers decided to reclaim the throne. To achieve this, one mastered magic (mantra), one learned strategy (tantra), another perfected swordsmanship, and the fourth mastered Tamil literature to the point of composing "Aram" (poetry with a lethal intent/curse). Eventually, the four brothers united and waged war against Nandivarman but were defeated. Following this defeat, it is said that this book was composed using "Aram" verses, which ultimately led to Nandivarman's death. This article explores not only the history of Nandivarman but also the abundance of mythological references found within this text.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. A. Mahaboob (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
பண்பாட்டு மானிடவியல் மற்றும் சமூக வரலாற்றுப் பின்னணியில் பேராசிரியர் தொ. பரமசிவனின் ஆய்வு முறையியல்: ஒரு பன்முகப் பார்வை
Professor Tho. Paramasivan (Tho. Pa.) created a new genre of historical perspective within the landscape of Tamil research during the late twentieth century. This article extensively examines his research methodology through the lens of a "multidimensional literary perspective." Moving beyond traditional histories centered on the ruling class, his approach—which focuses on the lifestyle of subaltern (grassroots) people and their material culture—is identified as "Bottom-up History." This paper analyzes Tho. Pa.’s specific research techniques, such as: Comparing epigraphical (inscription) data with Sangam literature. Approaching the human values embedded in Bhakti literature from a populist viewpoint. Identifying Tamil nationalist politics through the epic Silappathikaram. Furthermore, this study traces how Tho. Pa. fits into Antonio Gramsci’s concept of the "Organic Intellectual" and explores how his seminal works, Alagar Koil and Ariyappadatha Thamizhagam (Unknown Tamil Nadu), brought the hidden facets of Tamil society to light.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. S. Maharajan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
சங்க இலக்கியத்தில் அக வாழ்வு: ஒரு பன்முகப் பண்பாட்டு, சமூகவியல் மற்றும் உளவியல் ஆய்வு
Sangam literature serves as a two-thousand-year-old cultural identity for Tamils and stands as a unique treasure within the ranks of world classical literature. Sangam poets categorized human life into two major divisions—Akam (Interior/Private) and Puram (Exterior/Public)—recording the nuances of interior life through sophisticated literary techniques. This research paper explores how "Akam" life in Sangam literature is not merely an expression of romantic emotions, but a framework built upon social discipline, land-based lifestyles, and psychological structures. It analyzes how interior life is constructed through the theories of Ainthinai (the five landscapes), Mutharporul (Space and Time), Karupporul (Environment/Attributes), and Uripporul (Human Emotions/Action). Furthermore, it examines how literary devices such as Ullurai Uvamam (Inherent Metaphor) and Iraichi (Implicit Suggestion) are utilized to express emotions. By comparing Sangam Akam poems with modern psychological and sociological theories, this paper establishes their timeless significance. சங்க இலக்கியம் என்பது தமிழரின் இரண்டாயிரம் ஆண்டு காலப் பண்பாட்டு அடையாளமாகவும், உலகச் செவ்வியல் இலக்கிய வரிசையில் தனித்துவமான இடத்தைப் பெற்றுள்ள ஒரு கருவூலமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. மனித வாழ்வியலை ‘அகம்’ மற்றும் ‘புறம்’ என இரு பெரும் பிரிவுகளாகப் பகுத்து, அதில் அக வாழ்வை மிக நுட்பமான இலக்கிய உத்திகளுடன் சங்கப் புலவர்கள் பதிவு செய்துள்ளனர்.1 இந்த ஆய்வுக்கட்டுரை, சங்க இலக்கியத்தில் அக வாழ்வு என்பது வெறும் காதல் உணர்ச்சிகளின் வெளிப்பாடு மட்டுமல்லாமல், அது ஒரு சமூக ஒழுக்கம், நிலம் சார்ந்த வாழ்வியல் மற்றும் உளவியல் சார்ந்த கட்டமைப்பு என்பதை விரிவாக ஆராய்கிறது. ஐந்திணைக் கோட்பாடுகள், முதற்பொருள், கருப்பொருள், உரிப்பொருள் ஆகியவற்றின் வாயிலாக அக வாழ்வு எவ்வாறு கட்டமைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது என்பதையும், உள்ளுறை உவமம் மற்றும் இறைச்சி போன்ற இலக்கிய உத்திகள் உணர்ச்சிகளை வெளிப்படுத்தும் விதத்தையும் இது பகுப்பாய்வு செய்கிறது.2 மேலும், நவீன உளவியல் மற்றும் சமூகவியல் கோட்பாடுகளுடன் சங்க அகப் பாடல்களை ஒப்பிட்டு, அவற்றின் காலங்கடந்த முக்கியத்துவத்தை இக்கட்டுரை நிறுவுகிறது.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. K. Kalimuthu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
சோழர் கால ஏரி, குளம், மதகு மற்றும் குமிழித் தூம்பிகளின் வடிவமைப்பு, செயல்முறை, அறிவியல் தொழில்நுட்ப நுணுக்கம் மற்றும் பண்பாட்டு ஆய்வு
The Chola period stands as a Golden Age in the history of irrigation for the Tamils. The world-renowned hydraulic structures of this era were not merely constructions but a manifestation of the scientific thinking of ancient Tamils toward sustainable development. This research report extensively analyzes the design, operational methods, and socio-economic impacts of the unique technology used during the Chola period known as 'Kumizhi Thoombu' (Sluice with Silt Ejectors). Through archaeological evidence, inscriptions, and literary data, it is explained how these sluices served as pioneering systems in hydraulic pressure control and sediment management. Furthermore, detailed data is provided on how water bodies were systematically maintained through an autonomous body called 'Eri Variyam' (Lake Committee) and the manner in which committee members were elected via the 'Kudavolai' system. A central theme of this research is how this technology aligns with modern engineering concepts such as the Venturi Effect and Bernoulli's Principle.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. R.Suresh, Dr. M.Muthuvinayagam (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
நடன அபிநயத்தின் ஊடாக திணை இலக்கியத்தின் சிருங்கார ரஸம் வெளிப்பாடு
In Tamil Sangam literature, the Akam (interior) poems portray the subtle emotions of human love in close association with nature. Through the five landscapesKurinji, Mullai, Marutham, Neithal, and Palai various phases of love such as union, waiting, conflict, separation, and longing are delicately expressed. These emotional states correspond to what is known in Indian aesthetic theory as Srinrara Rasa (the sentiment of love).In classical dance forms, especially Bharatanatyam, these emotions of love are brought to life on stage through Abhinaya (expressive techniques). The integration of Angika (body movements), Vachika (verbal elements), Aharya (costume and adornment), and Sattvika (inner emotional expression) enables the portrayal of Nayaka–Nayaki (hero–heroine) bhavas. Through facial expressions, hand gestures, and bodily movements, the emotional essence of love is effectively communicated to the audience.Thus, the love expressed in Tinai literature through poetic language is transformed into a visual and performative experience in dance. This study explores the relationship between the emotional expressions found in Tinai literature and their representation through dance abhinaya, highlighting the shared aesthetic foundation of literature and performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Thakshayiny Paramadevan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
சி பாமாவின் படைப்புகளும் செயல்பாடும்: ஒரு விரிவான தலித் பெண்ணிய ஆய்வு
Bama is a pioneer who took Dalit Feminist theory and the aesthetics of the oppressed people to a global level within the landscape of Tamil literature. This article subjects Bama's life history, her literary journey, and her social activism to a comprehensive study. Born as Faustina Mary Fatima Rani, Bama—as a Dalit Christian woman—has used her works to place the caste and gender oppression she faced before the conscience of society. While her novel Karukku begins as an individual’s history, it evolves into a ‘Testimonio’ depicting the collective trauma of a community. In the novel Sangati, Bama records the labor of Dalit women, their resistance against violence, and their culture of rebellion. The novel Vanmam courageously explores the sub-sectarian conflicts existing within Dalit communities. Bama’s linguistic style transcended the grammatical boundaries of traditional Tamil, gaining literary recognition for the regional dialects and profanities of marginalized people. This article provides a detailed perspective on power, resistance, language, and social change as reflected in her works.
Copyright (c) 2026 A. Illayaraja, Dr. K. Anbumani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
சி.எம். முத்துவின் ‘கறிச்சோறு’ நாவல் காட்டும் கிராமப்புற சமூக அமைப்பு: ஒரு சமூகவியல் மற்றும் மானுடவியல் ஆய்வு
In the history of Tamil literature, regional literature serves as an exceptional document revealing the internal facets of society. In particular, C.M. Muthu’s novel Karichoru extensively records the local essence of the Thanjavur district and the intricate caste hierarchies prevalent there. This article examines, from a sociological perspective, the sub-sects of the Kallar community depicted in the novel, the power struggles between them, the violence perpetrated in the name of 'Vaagarai Gauravam' (Lineage Honor), and the patriarchal tendencies within a land-owning society. Furthermore, by comparing it with the short story Karichoru by Ki. Rajanarayanan (the father of Karisal literature), this study provides a detailed analysis of how 'food' (Karichoru or meat-rice) serves as a symbol of social status and an indicator of poverty across two different terrains of Tamil Nadu. This work sheds light on how rural power centers utilize caste as a tool and how it dismantles individual relationships and love.
Copyright (c) 2026 K. Kowsalya, Dr. V. Karthik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
நற்றிணை: எயினந்தை மகனார் இளங்கீரனார் பாடல்களில் பொருட்புலப்பாடு
The oldest Literature in the Tamil language is the Sangam literature, which is classified as the most ancient literature. That literature is divided into Akam and Puram categories on the basis of disciplines. In internal literature, subject fields are used as references to convey information. That method is used for the concentration of ideas and for expression of ideas. Tolkappiyar defined the subject – fields. Furthermore, kinship, plants, animals, religion, rituals, costumes, clothing, dwelling, utensils, household words, politics, many kind of food, sculptures, architecture, communication, business, war, sports and entertainment, colors, measurements, festivals, rituals, medical methods, cosmetics, transportation, science, special names, nature, characteristics, etc., can be included in the subject field. Like singular words, compound words also have a subject relationship. By examining the semantic relationship of compound words, the semantic creation of compound words can also be revealed. This article examines the topic using this content strategy.
Copyright (c) 2026 K. Nalamaharajan, A. Govindarajan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The most revered place in Vaishnava shrines is the Thiruvaranga. The lying form of the Thirumal is particularly visible here. Many people worship and venerate this Thirumal in various ways. In particular, among the azhwars known as the great Vaishnava saints like Thirumangaiyazhwar and Kulasekarazhwar, Thondaradippodiyajwar also worshipped Lord Thiruvaranga. They have sung in their hymns, remembering and melting in the memory of Lord Thiruvaranga. It can also be seen that when singing in praise of Thirumalai, they have sung with great emotion, using metaphors. This study aims to investigate the historical accounts of the Thiruvaranga, its significance and organization, and the parables known in the poems of Thondaradippodiyāzhvar, in order to convey such stories to future generations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr..V.GOPALAKRISHNAN (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sangam literature reveals the thought processes, associated norms, practiced ethics, and beliefs that emerged in the lives of ancient Tamils. Establishing the path of life in a righteous manner constitutes the "Way of Life." The term Neri (Path) signifies a 'way' or 'method.' In the lives of ancient people, specific norms existed for various life components such as literature, politics, art, friendship, love, valor, and relationships. In the Tamil way of life, one can observe the progression of Aram (Virtue), seeking Porul (Wealth) through virtue, attaining Inbam (Pleasure) through wealth, and ultimately reaching Veeduperu (Liberation) through these three. Universal values such as honesty, truth, love, patience, and discipline are considered the exalted ethics of life. While literature is an art form connected to emotions, it can also be regarded as a historical document that records the thoughts and practices of the people of that time. Not only in Sangam literature but also in Bhakti literature, various cultural and ethical elements have been adapted to suit social living. These serve as pillars for the character development of every individual. Changes occur in the heart and actions of every individual according to time and circumstance, forming the destiny of human life. To ensure society achieves happiness and peace, and to ensure individual lives attain self-sufficiency, duties and ethics serve as the guiding channels. This is precisely what the Tirumurai, epics, and kavyas proclaim. Bhakti literatures serve as tools that lead people toward a noble path through the ages. The "Life Ethics" are those principles categorized and compiled by man himself to live as a true human being—to live prosperously within this world. This chapter aims to explain such life ethics through the perspective of the Tirumurai.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. A. Vinnarasi, Dr. M Rosy (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
குலசேகராழ்வாரின் இறையனுபவம்: பக்தி இலக்கியத்தில் ஒரு முழுமையான ஆய்வு
In the history of Bhakti literature, the Pallava period and the later Chera period are considered a "Golden Age," as both Vaishnavism and Shaivism flourished during this era. In accordance with Thirumular’s proclamation, "God created me well, so that I may render Him well into Tamil," many great souls endowed with wisdom and divine love emerged in Tamil Nadu. Among them, those who held a deep devotion to Lord Vishnu and were immersed in His divine attributes (Kalyana Gunas) are revered as the 'Azhwars'. Among the twelve Azhwars, Kulasekhara Azhwar is unique; though a crowned monarch, he renounced his royal life for the sake of divine service. This article extensively analyzes how the Azhwar, driven by his love for Vishnu, experiences the Divine in various roles—such as a mother and a beloved—specifically within the fifth Thirumozhi titled 'Tharuthuyarathadayeel'. Furthermore, this study elaborates on his philosophy of total surrender (Saranagathi) and his profound longing for the sacred hills of Thiruvengadam, as expressed through his Sanskrit work Mukundamala and his Tamil hymns.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. R. Dhivya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
சங்க இலக்கியத்தில் அன்பும் அறமும்: பழந்தமிழர் வாழ்வியலின் விழுமியங்களும் சமூகக் கட்டமைப்பும் குறித்த விரிவான ஆய்வு
Sangam literature serves as a temporal mirror reflecting the lifestyle of ancient Tamils, specifically their internal (Akam) and external (Puram) emotions. Created between 300 BCE and 300 CE, these literary works are centered around two grand principles that serve as the foundation of human life: 'Anbu' (Love) and 'Aram' (Virtue/Ethics). Sangam literature categorizes life into Akam and Puram, emphasizing various virtue-based ideologies. Within the structure of the family, it regulated a refined culture involving characters such as the hero, heroine, foster mother, biological mother, and neighbors; in the realm of politics, it highlighted the king’s benevolence, bravery, victory, and other leadership qualities. Ancient Tamils sculpted their internal lives based on love and their external lives based on virtue. Through Sangam poems, this article extensively explores the depth of love, the strength of virtue that sustains that love, and the relationship between humans, animals, and nature. Furthermore, it analyzes how Sangam society maintained non-commercial ethics and a political system blending valor with compassion. It also examines the contribution of women in domestic life and how characters like the foster mother and biological mother upheld moral standards.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. P. Aruljothi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ஓம் சக்தி இதழ்களின் உள்ளடக்கமும் கருத்தாக்கமும்: ஓர் ஆழமான இதழியல் மற்றும் இலக்கிய ஆய்வு
This research paper provides a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the journalistic and literary contributions of the Tamil monthly magazine 'Om Sakthi'. Established in 1983 by Arutselvar Dr. N. Mahalingam, this magazine stands as a significant milestone in the history of communication. This study establishes how the magazine functions as a "treasure trove of knowledge" across the fields of literature, culture, education, science, and spirituality, moving beyond mere news dissemination. The paper discusses in detail how journalistic ethics are maintained through the magazine’s form (external structure) and content (internal structure), and how its core concepts have evolved to meet modern-day changes. Specifically, the study analyzes how the short stories featured in the magazine record social realities and how the poems document modern technological shifts using simple language. Ultimately, this research confirms that the magazine, born from Arutselvar’s visionary outlook, serves as a cultural ambassador transcending commercial interests.
Copyright (c) 2026 A. Gayathri, Dr. K. Dhanalakshmi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Indian philosophical traditions are broadly classified in to two major categories namely Vaidika and Avaidia. Among these, Jainism, Buddhism and Lokayata belong to the Avaidika. Among these, Jainism, Buddhism, and Lokayata belong to the Avaidika tradition, as they denied the authority of Vedas. In Tamil intellectual traditions, diverse philosophical streams have emerged in different historical contexts such as Lokayata, Ajivaka, Jainism, Buddhism, Shaivism and Vaishnavism. Among these varied philosophical streams, Manimekalai occupies a distinctive place as a uniquely Tamil Buddhist philosophical text. It stands both in continuity with earlier aesthetic and ethical evaluations found within the Tamil tradition and deviate from them in several significant ways. In particular, the text Manimekalai, propounds Buddhist aesthetics from a woman-centric perspective. The ethical – aesthetic vision proposed in Manimekalai is shaped by several distinctive principles such as the doctrine of impermanence, the rejection of patriarchal authority, the renunciation of sensual desire, the annihilation of hunger and affirmation of equality among all living beings. இந்திய மெய்யியல் மரபில் வைதீக, அவைதீக என இருபிரிவுகள் உள்ளன. அவற்றுள் சமணம், பௌத்தம், உலகாயதம் அவைதீக மரபைச் சார்ந்தவை. தமிழ் மெய்யியல் மரபில் உலகாயதம், ஆசீவகம் தொடங்கி சமணம், பௌத்தம் என்றும் சைவம், வைணவம் என்றும் பல்வேறு போக்குகள் வரலாற்றுச் சூழலில் உள்ளன. அவற்றுள் மணிமேகலை தமிழின் தனித்தன்மையான பௌத்த மெய்யியல் பனுவலாக அமைகிறது. அழகியல் குறித்து தமிழ் மரபில் உள்ள முந்தைய மதிப்பீடுகளின் தொடர்ச்சியாகவும் அவற்றிலிருந்து மாறுபட்டும் உள்ளது. அதாவது பௌத்த அறவியலை பெண்ணை முதன்மைப் படுத்தும் நோக்கிலிருந்து அழகியலாக முன்மொழிகிறது. நிலையாமையும் ஆண்மறுப்பும், காமத்தை மறுத்தல், பசிப்பிணி நீக்கமும் உயிர்ச்சமத்துவமும் போன்ற நெறிகளில் தனித்துவமான அறவியலை அழகியலாகக் கொண்டுள்ளது.
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Vignesh, Dr. K. Jawahar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0