The Literary Representation of Buddhist Renunciation in Manimekhalai

Abstract

     

The Tamil epic Manimekhalai, attributed to Sīthalai Sāttanār, occupies a distinctive place in classical Tamil literature for its strong emphasis on moral reflection and philosophical themes. Among its central motifs, the idea of renunciation plays a significant role in shaping the narrative structure and character development of the epic. This paper examines how Buddhist renunciation is represented and articulated as a literary theme in Manimekhalai.

The study focuses on the transformation of the protagonist, whose rejection of worldly life becomes a central narrative moment that guides the progression of the story. Rather than approaching renunciation solely as a religious doctrine, this paper analyzes how the concept is constructed through literary devices such as narrative progression, dialogue, symbolism and characterization. Particular attention is given to episodes that portray the protagonist’s withdrawal from worldly attachments and her commitment to an ascetic life.

Using close textual analysis of selected passages, the study explores how the epic frames Buddhist renunciation as both a moral and narrative turning point. The paper argues that Manimekhalai employs the motif of Buddhist renunciation not merely as a thematic element but as a literary strategy that structures the ethical and philosophical vision of the text, highlighting the intersection between narrative form and moral reflection in classical Tamil literature.